The American Community Survey (ACS) is a household survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau that currently has an annual sample size of about 3.5 million addresses. ACS estimates provides communities with the current information they need to plan investments and services. Information from the survey generates estimates that help determine how more than $400 billion in federal and state funds are distributed annually. Each year the survey produces data that cover the periods of 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year estimates for geographic areas in the United States and Puerto Rico, ranging from neighborhoods to Congressional districts to the entire nation. For more information about the ACS, please visit our home page, www.census.gov/acs. ACS tables are published on the Census Bureau's American FactFinder (AFF) website, factfinder2.census.gov, and are available for download in several forms. This document will brief data users on the contents of the ACS Summary File and explain how they can use it to obtain the 5-year estimates.

The American Community Survey Summary File (ACSSF) is a unique data product that includes all the estimates and margins of error from the Detailed Tables and geographies that are published for the ACS. Other ACS data products such as Subject Tables and Data Profiles are created from the Detailed Tables and are therefore not available in the Summary File.

Since the Detailed Tables contain a large number of cells, the tables are stored in a series of files with only the data from the tables, without such information as the title of the tables, the description of the rows, and the names of the geographic areas. That information is in other files that the user must merge with the data files to reproduce the tables.

The ACS Summary File data files are in American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format. The files are divided into three types:

• Geographies - (position based and comma delimited)
• Estimates - (comma delimited)
• Margins of Error - (comma delimited)

Chapter 2 discusses each component in detail and explains how to put them all together.

Data contained in the ACS Summary File cover demographic, social, economic, and housing subject areas. All Detailed Tables for the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year estimates are in the Summary File and are listed in Appendix E.

The published ACS Summary File geographies cover areas that are based on "summary levels". A summary level specifies the content and the hierarchical relationships of the geographic elements that are required to tabulate and summarize data. For example, summary level code "040" represents the U.S. States, Washington D.C., and Puerto Rico; while summary level code "050" represents counties and county equivalents within states.

In addition to the ACS 1-year and 3-year summary levels, additional summary levels are included in the 5-year estimates, including census tracts and block groups, and additional information for geographies such as American Indian areas, core based statistical areas, combined statistical areas, Congressional districts and state legislative districts. See the full list of summary levels published for the 5-year Detailed Tables in Appendix F. For the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year data release, data for census block groups are not published on American FactFinder and are only available using the ACS Summary File. The list of tables in Appendix E shows which tables are available at the block group level.

Many resources are available to help users understand the ACS geographic terms and concepts. For additional information, please visit www.census.gov/geo/www/reference.html and www.census.gov/acs/www/guidance_for_data_users/geography/. Users may also find the full list of summary levels published for the 5-year Detailed Tables in Appendix F.

Since using the ACS Summary File can be challenging, users should first check if their tables of interest are available for download on American FactFinder. Below are some other options to help users retrieve the tables they want. They are listed in order based on ease of use.

• Summary File Excel Retrieval Tool

The Summary File Excel Retrieval Tool is a macro-driven Excel spreadsheet that provides a method to easily retrieve a table for the nation, states, and all of the geographic areas in a state (or for all cross-state geographic areas such as metropolitan statistical areas or census regions). This tool is designed to be easy to use, and does not require any programming experience. There is a drop down menu from which the user can select the state for the table and receive data for all geographies within the state. One key requirement is that Microsoft Excel 2007 or newer is needed. Other hardware and software requirements for the tool are listed in Chapter 3.1. For more information about the application, visit the ACS Summary File page at http://www.census.gov/acs/www/data_documentation/summary_file/.

• Summary File DataFerrett Tool

DataFerrett is a tool provided by the Census Bureau to help users view, download, and manipulate a wide variety of data sets to suit their needs. Among the features provided by this tool is the ability to construct user-defined variables from the variables on the input data file(s), the ability for users to exclude data that is not of interest, a variety of options for downloading data, and the ability to create complex tabular reports from the data including graphs and thematic maps. The initial release of the 2006-2010 ACS Summary File data in DataFerrett focuses primarily on the display and download capabilities of DataFerrett. This tool will be ideal for data users who wish to view, customize, and restrict the data that is downloaded from the 2006-2010 ACS Summary File.

• Summary File Excel Import Tool

The Summary File Excel Import Tool is a replicate of the Excel templates that Census 2000 provided for the SF3 summary file release. The Excel Import Tool provides a basic layout of each sequence in Excel in the same format as the estimate and margin of error files are formatted. For individuals that do not have Excel 2007 or later and are unable to use the Excel Retrieval Tool, the Excel Import Tool provides an alternative option to read the summary file into Excel. For more information on this tool, see Chapter 3.3.

• SAS Programs

There are two programming options for SAS users. The first option is a set of individual SAS programs, one for each summary file by geography and sequence. These programs are best for users only interested in looking at a specific sequence for a specific geography. The second option is a single SAS program that is parameterized to allow users to read in any sequence for any geography into SAS. This program can also be used to read the entire summary file into SAS, and is designed for users looking for a large amount of data. For more information on these programs, see Chapter 3.1.

The files for the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year estimates are similar to last year's publications (the 2009 ACS 1-, 3-, and 5-year estimates) with the following exceptions. These changes were established starting with the 2010 ACS 1-year release:

• All Detailed Tables Available in American FactFinder

In the 2005-2009 ACS 5-year data release, 295 Detailed Tables were only available for download in the Summary File; they were not available in American FactFinder (AFF). For the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year data release, all Detailed Tables are available in AFF.

• New Geography Levels Available

Although the ACS continues to produce block group level estimates on the summary file only, the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year estimates include 6 new summary levels for Native American Tribal Areas:

- American Indian Area-Tribal Census Tract (256)

- American Indian Area-Tribal Census Tract-Tribal Block Group (258)

- American Indian Area (Reservation Only)-Tribal Census Tract (291)

- American Indian Area (Off-Reservation Trust Land Only)-Tribal Census Tract (292)

- American Indian Area (Reservation Only)-Tribal Census Tract-Tribal Block Group (293)

- American Indian Area (Off-Reservation Trust Land Only)-Tribal Census Tract-Tribal Block Group (294)

These summary levels were not available in previous years, the 2010 ACS 1-year estimates, or the 2008-2010 ACS 3-year estimates. Learn more about summary levels in Appendix F.

• Geography Files Offered in Comma Delimited Format

The geography files are now offered in two formats: position based and comma delimited. In previous years, the geography files were only offered in position based format.

• SummaryFileXLS.zip Renamed to SummaryFileTemplates.zip

The zipped "SummaryFileXLS" folder was renamed to "SummaryFileTemplates" to more accurately reflect its contents: templates (or column headers) for each of the sequence files. This folder is located in the "User Tools" folder on the Summary File site: http://www2.census.gov/acs2010_5yr/summaryfile/UserTools/

• SummaryFileTemplates.zip Includes a Template for the Geography File

A template for the geography file was added in the "SummaryFileTemplates" zipped folder due to popular demand. For more information, visit Chapter 2.4.

• Missing Value Has Been Changed From Dot to Empty Cell

Previously, a dot "." was used to indicate that an estimate was unavailable due to coefficient of variation (CV) filtering or Disclosure Review Board (DRB) restrictions. For the 2010 ACS Summary Files, the dot is being replaced by an empty cell. For more information, visit Appendix C.3.

• Instructions Added on How to Join the Summary File to TIGER/Line Shapefiles

The Summary File Technical Documentation now includes instructions on how to join the ACSSF to TIGER/Line Shapefiles. For more information, visit Chapter 2.6.

Please send any technical questions or comments on the ACS Summary File you have via email to: acso.users.support@census.gov. If you have questions or comments about the American Community Survey, you can submit a question online at ask.census.gov/.